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Anterior Band of Articular Disc TMJ

The anterior band of the articular disc is a distinct anatomical region of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. It plays a crucial role in TMJ function, contributing to smooth mandibular movements. Anatomically, it is the thickened anterior portion of the biconcave fibrocartilaginous disc, situated between the mandibular condyle and the temporal bone. The anterior band is closely related to the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle, which attaches to its anteromedial aspect. Understanding its morphology and imaging characteristics is essential in diagnosing TMJ disorders.

Synonyms

  • Anterior zone of articular disc (TMJ)

  • Anterior margin of TMJ disc

  • Anterior segment of the temporomandibular joint disc

Anatomy and Key Features

  • Location:
    The anterior band is positioned anteriorly within the TMJ between the articular eminence of the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle.

  • Shape:
    Appears as the thickest part of the disc in sagittal imaging, compared to the thinner intermediate zone.

  • Attachment:
    Connected anteromedially to the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle; anterolateral attachment to the joint capsule.

  • Composition:
    Composed of dense fibrocartilaginous tissue, designed to withstand compressive and shear forces during jaw movement.

MRI Appearance

  • On Proton Density (PD) Sequence:

    • The anterior band appears as a low signal intensity structure, similar to other fibrocartilaginous components of the TMJ.

    • It is typically visualized as a discrete, well-defined, hypointense band anterior to the mandibular condyle.

    • The clear demarcation between the anterior band and adjacent tissues helps in assessing disc position and potential anterior disc displacement.

  • On Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) Sequence:

    • The anterior band also shows low signal intensity, maintaining its hypointense appearance.

    • STIR sequences are sensitive for detecting fluid or edema; the anterior band should not enhance unless there is associated inflammation or internal derangement.

    • The band stands out against the hyperintense background of joint effusion, if present, aiding in the evaluation of joint pathology.

MRI images

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